Because a LTC in Major League Baseball guarantees a player a specific salary regardless of his performance, one might expect the usual disincentive effect on effort that dominates the existing
shirking literature.
Wage [??] makes workers just indifferent between working and
shirking. Any wage higher than [??] ensures that given the current unemployment rate and the parameters of the model, costs of
shirking outweigh its benefits.
Ahlstrom, Si, and Kennelly, who found statistically significant evidence for
shirking, did not observe the same for contract-year performance.
The survey estimated that employers spend $759 billion per year for the time their workers are "spacing out" (3.9 percent of the
shirking) conducting personal business (6.8 percent of the
shirking), "applying for other jobs" (1.3 percent of the
shirking), or surfing the Internet or socializing with other workers.
(2002), the authors attempted to isolate
shirking behavior in MLB by looking at whether a player's deviation from expected performance was affected by proximity to a free agent contract.
The
shirking version of the efficiency wage approach is one of the most popular explanations of unemployment proposed by New Keynesian Economics.
The result is that a sizable fraction of incumbents are well matched to their constituencies, so
shirking is not an option.
Lowe of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis and her colleagues offered a clue to why aged muscle is weaker: In older muscle, a key protein, myosin, is
shirking its job.
In particular, it is more difficult (costly) to detect
shirking in larger firms, ceteris paribus.4 The notion that a trade-off exists between wages paid and supervisory intensity has been examined in several papers.
Here, in the case of perfect verifiability, the offer is accepted even when the production value is low because
shirking is detected with probability one and can be proven in court.
We must record our thanks for Laszlo Goerke for correcting such an unfortunate error in our paper on 'Trade Unions, Efficiency Wages, and
Shirking' (Bulkley and Myles, 1996).
Once w-h tenancy is chosen, "second-stage" production decisions such as
shirking and monitoring arise.
If Americans are
shirking their responsibilities toward jury service, they aren't doing it by not showing up.
That's all part of the
shirking. People are afraid to name the problem lest they incur responsibility to do something about it.
But Lacson's staff said the hearing which the senator headed was adjourned not because the Senate was '
shirking its responsibility,' but because none of his colleagues objected when a motion to adjourn was made.
