Indeed the outbreak of the epidemic disease in several urban and rural parts of Sindh had raised concern amongst health experts since the bacteria that causes
typhoid had become resistant to antibiotics.
Why do we have such a towering
typhoid patient population?
The first
typhoid outbreak was reported in Hyderabad in 2016.
Mary Mallon was an Irish-American cook who was the first identified asymptomatic carrier of the pathogen associated with
typhoid fever.
The eruption of XDR
Typhoid virus first in Karachi is also the result of the use of unsafe water, he claimed while dispelling impression that Hyderabad is the base of XDR
Typhoid virus.
Typhoid fever is the sixth most common cause of death in Pakistan and its prevalence in our country is estimated to be 412 cases per 100,000 population per year3,4.
The Commissioner issued these directives while presiding over a meeting here at Shahbaz Hall regarding prevention of XDR
Typhoid virus.
Firstly, there is rampant antibiotic overuse in Pakistan, due to overprescription by physicians, and self-medication by the public, which is facilitated by easy over-the-counter availability of these drugs.3 Secondly, many areas have inadequate sanitation and sewage disposal systems; this, compounded by illiteracy, overcrowding and mass rural-urban migration, favors the spread of fecal-orally transmitted illnesses including
typhoid fever.
Previous
typhoid outbreaks in Harare have been associated with municipal water shortages and increased use of contaminated boreholes and shallow wells (2-5).
Talking to private news channel, Senior Physician said that vaccines against
typhoid should be recommended for the people, especially school-going children who were more susceptible to the disease.
In Qatar, no epidemiologic data on
typhoid fever have been available.
But firm steps taken to provide clean water and adequate sewage system has dramatically reduced the incidence in Europe and other developed parts of the world.5 Vaccine against
typhoid fever is available but even in the presence of effective vaccines, these are not incorporated in regular vaccination program.6 The commonly encountered complications are pertaining to intestinal system such as intestinal hemorrhage, intestinal perforation, central nervous system (CNS) manifestation include encephalopathy and ataxia, pulmonary involvement with pneumonia and reactive arthritis in bones and joints.7-12 In our experience, substantial number of cases with enteric fever have delayed presentation and most are inadequately treated resulting in admission with different complications.
Summary: Travellers advised to take extra care with food and water and get a
typhoid vaccination
Last week the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (Taiwan CDC) announced one new imported case of
typhoid fever in an over 20-year-old female who resides in northern Taiwan.